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Understanding CPU-Bound vs I/O-Bound Workloads: A Practical Guide for Engineers

Understanding CPU-Bound vs I/O-Bound Workloads: A Practical Guide for Engineers

Modern software systems operate under many performance constraints, yet two concepts appear repeatedly in technical discussions: CPU-bound and I/O-bound workloads. These terms describe the dominant factor limiting a program’s performance. Successful engineers and architects internalize this distinction because it shapes concurrency models, threading strategies, hardware planning, and architectural
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