MySQL

When working with relational databases, one of the most common data integrity challenges is the presence of duplicate values. Whether you're importing data from spreadsheets, syncing between environments, or simply dealing with legacy data, duplicates can silently degrade the accuracy and trustworthiness of your application. In this article,

In any educational or assessment platform, maintaining the integrity and consistency of data is critical. When handling modules that contain questions and answer options, even small errors—like duplicate entries or incomplete data—can result in broken functionality, scoring issues, and a poor user experience. This article outlines two common

When working with MySQL, especially in production environments, understanding binary logs (binlogs) is essential. Binary logs record all changes to the database, such as INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements, and are primarily used for replication and point-in-time recovery. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about

Working with MySQL is a daily routine for many developers, but even the most experienced can stumble upon cryptic error codes that halt operations and demand attention. Below, we’ll delve into some common MySQL errors that you might encounter, explain their causes, provide resolutions, and highlight some extra considerations

In many MySQL-based systems, the default behavior when creating a table is to set the primary key as an AUTO_INCREMENT integer column—often named id or uid. It’s clean, simple, and works well for small-scale applications or monolithic systems with limited traffic. But as systems grow in complexity,